Vista per VLANs
Prototip Xarxa Funcionant:
Gateway
El port físic del Gateway connectat al Switch no té una adreça IP global. En el seu lloc, es divideix en subinterfícies lògiques (una per a cada VLAN). Cada subinterfície utilitza l’encapsulament 80ez.1Q per llegir les etiquetes (tags) que venen del switch i actua com la IP de Gateway per a aquella xarxa.
El Gateway té actius múltiples pools (rangs) de DHCP de manera simultània. El router identifica de quina subinterfície (VLAN) prové la petició i assigna automàticament una IP que correspongui exactament a aquell segment de xarxa.
Router#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.16.254 YES manual up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 unassigned YES unset up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1.10172.16.0.1 YES manual up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1.20172.17.0.1 YES manual up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1.30172.18.0.1 YES manual up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1.40172.20.0.1 YES manual up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1.50172.23.0.1 YES manual up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1.60172.19.0.1 YES manual up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
GigabitEthernet0/1/0 unassigned YES unset up down
GigabitEthernet0/1/1 unassigned YES unset up down
GigabitEthernet0/1/2 unassigned YES unset up down
GigabitEthernet0/1/3 unassigned YES unset up down
GigabitEthernet0/2/0 unassigned YES unset up down
GigabitEthernet0/2/1 unassigned YES unset up down
GigabitEthernet0/2/2 unassigned YES unset up down
GigabitEthernet0/2/3 unassigned YES unset up down
Vlan1 unassigned YES unset administratively down downRouter#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/1.10
L 172.16.0.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/1.10
172.17.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 172.17.0.0/16 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/1.20
L 172.17.0.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/1.20
172.18.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 172.18.0.0/16 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/1.30
L 172.18.0.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/1.30
172.19.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 172.19.0.0/16 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/1.60
L 172.19.0.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/1.60
172.20.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 172.20.0.0/16 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/1.40
L 172.20.0.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/1.40
S 172.21.0.0/16 [1/0] via 192.168.16.1
S 172.22.0.0/16 [1/0] via 192.168.16.1
172.23.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 172.23.0.0/16 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/1.50
L 172.23.0.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/1.50
C 192.168.16.0/22 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/0
192.168.16.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
L 192.168.16.254/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/0Switch
El port del Switch que es connecta directament al Gateway està configurat estrictament en mode Trunk. Això permet que el trànsit de totes les VLANs de l’empresa (VLAN 10, 20, 30, etc.) viatgi multiplexat a través d’un sol cable cap al router.
Els ports que van cap als dispositius finals (ordinadors, impressores, etc.) es configuren en mode accés i s’associen a una única VLAN. El switch s’encarrega d’etiquetar el trànsit quan entra i de treure l’etiqueta quan surt cap al dispositiu.
Stuck 1
Switch#show vlan brief
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active
10 AULES active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10
20 DEPT active Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14
Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18
Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22
Fa0/23, Fa0/24
30 ATECA active
40 ADM active
50 PFI active
60 MANAGE active
1002 fddi-default active
1003 token-ring-default active
1004 fddinet-default active
1005 trnet-default active Switch#show interfaces trunk
Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan
Gig0/1 on 802.1q trunking 1
Gig0/2 on 802.1q trunking 1
Port Vlans allowed on trunk
Gig0/1 1-1005
Gig0/2 1-1005
Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain
Gig0/1 1,10,20,30,40,50,60
Gig0/2 1,10,20,30,40,50,60
Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned
Gig0/1 1,10,20,30,40,50,60
Gig0/2 1,10,20,30,40,50,60
Stuck 2
Switch#show vlan brief
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active
10 AULES active
20 DEPT active
30 ATECA active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
40 ADM active Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24
50 PFI active
60 MANAGE active
1002 fddi-default active
1003 token-ring-default active
1004 fddinet-default active
1005 trnet-default active Switch#show interfaces trunk
Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan
Gig0/1 auto n-802.1q trunking 1
Gig0/2 on 802.1q trunking 1
Port Vlans allowed on trunk
Gig0/1 1-1005
Gig0/2 1-1005
Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain
Gig0/1 1,10,20,30,40,50,60
Gig0/2 1,10,20,30,40,50,60
Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned
Gig0/1 1,10,20,30,40,50,60
Gig0/2 1,10,20,30,40,50,60Stuck 3
Switch#show vlan brief
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active
10 AULES active
20 DEPT active
30 ATECA active
40 ADM active
50 PFI active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24
60 MANAGE active
1002 fddi-default active
1003 token-ring-default active
1004 fddinet-default active
1005 trnet-default active Switch#show interfaces trunk
Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan
Gig0/1 auto n-802.1q trunking 1
Gig0/2 auto n-802.1q trunking 1
Port Vlans allowed on trunk
Gig0/1 1-1005
Gig0/2 1-1005
Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain
Gig0/1 1,10,20,30,40,50,60
Gig0/2 1,10,20,30,40,50,60
Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned
Gig0/1 1,10,20,30,40,50,60
Gig0/2 1,10,20,30,40,50,60
Stuck 4
Switch#show vlan brief
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Gig0/2
10 AULES active
20 DEPT active
30 ATECA active
40 ADM active
50 PFI active
60 MANAGE active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24
1002 fddi-default active
1003 token-ring-default active
1004 fddinet-default active
1005 trnet-default active Switch#show interfaces trunk
Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan
Gig0/1 on 802.1q trunking 1
Port Vlans allowed on trunk
Gig0/1 1-1005
Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain
Gig0/1 1,10,20,30,40,50,60
Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned
Gig0/1 1,10,20,30,40,50,60